Casualties are bad. Public opinion doesn´t like them, the media doesn´t like them, and politicians doesn´t like them. A Main Battle Tank is among the safest places to be in a war, but each year, new technology is developed to end that safety. HEAT and HEASH rounds, kinetic penetrators, lasers, that have been answered with new kinds of armor in order to protect the men inside the vehicle. That is, until someone made the right question.
Why put men inside the vehicle?
Thus was born the XM-82, the first prototype of the M-89 Semi-Autonomous Main Battle Tank that today rolls to battle in a hundred campaigns. The original idea was to develop a purely remote-controlled vehicle, but field tests showed that in battlefield conditions the data link could be unreliable. Transmitting the instructions of the single pilot of a UAV is comparatively easy; the bandwidth necessary for the three or four stations needed in a MBT is prohibitive. So, the drone analogy was soon dropped, and replaced with a compromise: the vehicle would still have people inside, but it would be the bare minimum, with the absolute best protection. Indeed, the M-89 is the first truly one-man tank.
The tank commander sits in the very core of the vehicle, in an armored and isolated cockpit protected by layers of ceramic and metal plating. To get there, a projectile would have to cross almost the full width of the tank worth of armor, not merely a superficial layer. The cockpit is hermetic and pressurized, so not even chemical attacks can get there, and the data gathered by the multiple sensors installed in the hull are displayed in huge wall-to-wall flatscreens inside, leaving only the hatch uncovered. So, the commander has a 270º view of the battlefield at all times.
But how does only one officer control such a sophisticated machine? He, or she, doesn´t. The commander is there to do exactly that: command. The real work is done by four interconnected artificial intelligences, which handle respectively the weapons, driving and navigation, communications, and engines. The pilot can at all times take manual control of whatever task he seems fit, but most of the time his role is limited to planning. He sees the reports provided by the unit command, and assigns to the navigation IA a destiny, so that it can autonomously calculate a path, to the armament IA the primary and secondary objectives, and to the comms IA the channels that are to be given priority, and the tank does the rest by itself. The pilot must, of course, closely monitor all that is happening in order to assign new priorities when the need arises, and report to command, but the tank is more than capable of fighting by itself once the parameters have been set.
It can even fight better than a human crew would: no gunner is so fast calculating fire solutions, no navigator is so aware of all the myriad details of terrain, wind and weather, no communications officer could track and listen to a thousand channels at the same time. Each and every IA that drives the tank is a force multiplier, without parallel since the beginnings of tank warfare.
The M-89 has a flat profile, perfect for hugging the ground and hiding the vehicle from incoming fire. Since it has a crew of only one, it doesn´t need as much space, and indeed the cockpit is almost as low as that of a race car. The original model relied on tracks for mobility, but since the M-89A3 variant, the design has incorporated modular joints that allow the vehicle to be fitted with tracks, wheels, and even skies and hover cushions as needed.
The turret is, of course, wholly automated, and thus noticeably smaller than in comparable MBT´s; it has two coaxial main guns, a coil gun and a rail gun for engaging different targets, as well as a .50 caliber machine gun mounted in a rotating stalk on top, and an array of grenade launchers capable of firing chaff, smoke, flares or fragmentation grenades. From the M-89A5 on, the turret has been redesigned too with an emphasis on modularity, and now it can be modified to fit different mission profiles. The most common profiles are engineering, artillery, anti-aircraft, urban warfare, recon, and command, but there are also mortar, rocket launcher, flamethrower and an experimental laser cannon variant.
The M-89, of course, has its drawbacks. The most worrying, considering that the whole concept hinged on crew safety, is that the commander is so well protected that, if something goes wrong and the vehicle catches fire or is totally wrecked, he can have a hard time getting out. The first models had a fully electronic hatch sealing system that trapped to death five pilots in two years, until a new batch came with manual options and the older models were retrofitted. However, the problem remains, and there are works in progress trying to redesign the hatch.
Another cause of concern is the reliability on external sensors. With a fully enclosed cockpit, the commander depends on the cameras and other sensory equipment installed on the hull and turret. Although there are hundreds of sensors, and most of them are very small, and operate in a sense like the composite eyes of an insect, it is a fact that, should they be destroyed, the commander would become blind and deaf, without any options but leaving the vehicle. Thus, an attack that managed to overwhelm or negate the sensors would immediately paralyze the M-89. The most probable culprit would be an EMP attack that, of course, would turn the entire tank into a brick, as all functions are electronically controlled. However all M-89 models are protected against most electromagnetic attacks, leaving only the most intense ones to worry about.
Despite the flaws, the M-89 is undoubtedly a huge leap in tank design, and similar models have begun to appear around the world. Although the cost of replacing the entire MBT fleet of an army with semiautonomous models is prohibitive, the vehicle is usually issued to elite divisions and expeditionary forces, becoming the spearhead of a new era in armored warfare. Meanwhile, the solitary pilots of these machines, every one of them an officer, are being glamorized and turned into heroes and knights, similar to the chariot-riding champions of the Iliad, or the more modern fighter pilots that were the stars of countless movies and books in decades past.